Computer scientists unveil novel attacks on cybersecurity
Researchers have found two novel types of attacks that target the conditional branch predictor found in high-end Intel processors, which could be exploited to compromise billions of processors currently in use.
Fri, 26 Apr 2024 16:52:29 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240426165229.htm
Advance in the treatment of acute heart failure identified
A multicenter study has identified a potential new treatment for acute heart failure, a leading cause of hospitalization and death.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 16:15:52 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425161552.htm
Early trauma cuts life short for squirrels, and climate change could make matters worse
Life can be tough for young red squirrels living in the Canada's Yukon territory, where frigid winters, food scarcity and predators threaten their long-term survival. Scientists want to know what factors might protect young squirrels, especially as their environment becomes more impacted by climate change.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 16:15:49 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425161549.htm
RNA modification is responsible for the disruption of mitochondrial protein synthesis in Alzheimer's disease
A team of researchers has identified a mechanism that causes mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's patients resulting in a reduction of the supply of energy to the brain.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 16:15:29 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425161529.htm
Climate change could become the main driver of biodiversity decline by mid-century
Global biodiversity has declined between 2% and 11% during the 20th century due to land-use change alone, according to a large multi-model study. Projections show climate change could become the main driver of biodiversity decline by the mid-21st century.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 16:15:18 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425161518.htm
Food in sight? The liver is ready!
What happens in the body when we are hungry and see and smell food? A team of researchers has now been able to show in mice that adaptations in the liver mitochondria take place after only a few minutes. Stimulated by the activation of a group of nerve cells in the brain, the mitochondria of the liver cells change and prepare the liver for the adaptation of the sugar metabolism. The findings could open up new avenues for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 16:15:04 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425161504.htm
Voluntary corporate emissions targets not enough to create real climate action
Companies' emissions reduction targets should not be the sole measure of corporate climate ambition, according to a new perspective paper.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 16:14:59 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425161459.htm
Curiosity promotes biodiversity
Cichlid fishes exhibit differing degrees of curiosity. The cause for this lies in their genes, as reported by researchers. This trait influences the cichlids' ability to adapt to new habitats.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 16:14:56 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425161456.htm
Treatment for deadly superbug C. diff may be weakening
The antibiotic vancomycin, recommended as first-line treatment for infection caused by the deadly superbug C. difficile (C. diff), may not be living up to its promise, according to new research.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:16:03 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131603.htm
Herring arrives earlier in the Wadden Sea due to climate change
Due to the changing climate, young herring arrive in the Wadden Sea earlier and earlier in spring.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:57 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131557.htm
With hybrid brains, these mice smell like a rat
Mice lacking an olfactory system have had their sense of smell restored with neurons from rats, the first time scientists have successfully integrated the sensory apparatus of one species into another.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:54 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131554.htm
Estimating emissions potential of decommissioned gas wells from shale samples
Extracting natural gas from shale formations can provide an abundant, lower-carbon footprint fossil fuel, but also creates concerns over increased methane emissions. Researchers have now developed a new tool that can estimate the emission potential of shale wells after they are no longer active.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:52 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131552.htm
Nanomaterial that mimics proteins could be basis for new neurodegenerative disease treatments
A newly developed nanomaterial that mimics the behavior of proteins could be an effective tool for treating Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. The nanomaterial alters the interaction between two key proteins in brain cells -- with a potentially powerful therapeutic effect.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:49 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131549.htm
Scientists released long-term data of ground solar-induced fluorescence to improve understanding of canopy-level photosynthesis
A recent study utilized ground-based instruments to measure solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) that reflect plant health and photosynthesis.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:47 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131547.htm
The longer spilled oil lingers in freshwater, the more persistent compounds it produces
Oil is an important natural resource for many industries, but it can lead to serious environmental damage when accidentally spilled. While large oil spills are highly publicized, every year there are many smaller-scale spills into lakes, rivers and oceans. The longer that oil remains in freshwater, the more chemical changes it undergoes, creating products that can persist in the environment.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:05 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131505.htm
Warming Arctic reduces dust levels in parts of the planet
Dust can have a huge impact on local air quality, food security, energy supply and public health. Previous studies have found that dust levels are decreasing across India, particularly northern India, the Persian Gulf Coast and much of the Middle East, but the reason has remained unclear. Researchers found that the decrease in dust can be attributed to the Arctic warming much faster than the rest of the planet, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification. This process destabilizes the jet stream and changes storm tracks and wind patterns over the major sources of dust in West and South Asia.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:03 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131503.htm
Synthetic droplets cause a stir in the primordial soup
Our bodies are made up of trillions of different cells, each fulfilling their own unique function to keep us alive. How do cells move around inside these extremely complicated systems? How do they know where to go? And how did they get so complicated to begin with? Simple yet profound questions like these are at the heart of curiosity-driven basic research, which focuses on the fundamental principles of natural phenomena.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:51 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131451.htm
Key to efficient and stable organic solar cells
A team of researchers has made a significant breakthrough in the field of organic photovoltaics.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:45 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131445.htm
'Like a nanoscopic Moon lander': Scientists unlock secret of how pyramidal molecules move across surfaces
Scientists have watched a molecule move across a graphite surface in unprecedented detail. It turns out this particular molecule moves like a Moon lander -- and the insights hold potential for future nanotechnologies.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:28 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131428.htm
Freeze casting: A guide to creating hierarchically structured materials
Freeze casting is an elegant, cost-effective manufacturing technique to produce highly porous materials with custom-designed hierarchical architectures, well-defined pore orientation, and multifunctional surface structures. Freeze-cast materials are suitable for many applications, from biomedicine to environmental engineering and energy technologies.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:19 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131419.htm
How do birds flock? Researchers do the math to reveal previously unknown aerodynamic phenomenon
How do birds fly in a coordinated and seemingly effortless fashion? Part of the answer lies in precise, and previously unknown, aerodynamic interactions, reports a team of mathematicians. Its breakthrough broadens our understanding of wildlife, including fish, who move in schools, and could have applications in transportation and energy.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:16 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131416.htm
IRIS beamline at BESSY II extended with nanomicroscopy
The IRIS infrared beamline at the BESSY II storage ring now offers a fourth option for characterizing materials, cells and even molecules on different length scales. The team has extended the IRIS beamline with an end station for nanospectroscopy and nanoimaging that enables spatial resolutions down to below 30 nanometers. The instrument is also available to external user groups.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:13 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131413.htm
Towards novel promising perovskite-type ferroelectric materials: High-pressure synthesis of rubidium niobate
Researchers have pioneered a breakthrough in ferroelectric material development. They've engineered a novel displacement-type ferroelectric material boasting remarkable dielectric properties. Their achievement includes the successful synthesis of rubidium niobate (RbNbO3), a compound previously deemed challenging to produce under pressures exceeding 40,000 atmospheres. Additionally, they characterized how polarization changes across a wide temperature range during phase transitions. This breakthrough can lead to new design guidelines for ferroelectric materials.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:11 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131411.htm
AI in medicine: The causality frontier
Machines can learn not only to make predictions, but also to handle causal relationships. An international research team shows how this could make therapies safer, more efficient, and more individualized.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:08 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131408.htm
How electric vehicle drivers can escape range anxiety
Two of the biggest challenges faced by new and potential electric vehicle (EV) drivers are range anxiety and speed of charging, but these shouldn't have to be challenges at all. Researchers discovered that a change in refueling mindset, rather than improving the size or performance of the battery, could be the answer to these concerns.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:02 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131402.htm
Advanced cell atlas opens new doors in biomedical research
Researchers have developed a web-based platform that offers an unprecedented view of the human body at the cellular level. The aim is to create an invaluable resource for researchers worldwide to increase knowledge about human health and disease.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:13:51 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131351.htm
Using AI to improve diagnosis of rare genetic disorders
Diagnosing rare Mendelian disorders is a labor-intensive task, even for experienced geneticists. Investigators are trying to make the process more efficient using artificial intelligence. The team developed a machine learning system called AI-MARRVEL (AIM) to help prioritize potentially causative variants for Mendelian disorders.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:13:45 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131345.htm
The secret to saving old books could be gluten-free glues
'Bookworm' is a cute thing to call a voracious reader, but actual bookworms -- as well as microorganisms and time -- break down the flour pastes commonly used to keep old publications in one piece. Now, researchers have analyzed the proteins in wheat-based glues applied in historic bookbinding to provide insights on their adhesiveness and how they degrade. This information could help conservators restore and preserve treasured tomes for future generations.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:13:42 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131342.htm
Maternal grandmothers' support buffers children against the impacts of adversity
A study shows that investment by maternal grandmothers can improve the well-being of grandchildren who have faced adversities in life. The positive effects can last well into adulthood.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:13:39 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131339.htm
Circadian rhythms can influence drugs' effectiveness
Researchers discovered that more than 300 liver genes are under circadian control: Circadian variations affect how much of a drug is available and how effectively the body can break it down.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:13:36 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131336.htm
How immune cells communicate to fight viruses
Chemokines are signalling proteins that orchestrate the interaction of immune cells against pathogens and tumors. To understand this complex network, various techniques have been developed to identify chemokine-producing cells. However, it has not yet been possible to determine which cells react to these chemokines. Researchers have now developed a new class of genetically modified mice that enables the simultaneous identification of chemokine producers and sensors.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:13:31 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131331.htm
National trial safely scaled back prescribing of a powerful antipsychotic for the elderly
Warning letters can safely cut prescribing of a powerful but risky antipsychotic, according to a new study. Researchers used Medicare data to study the effects of the letters on hundreds of thousands of older adults with dementia. They found a significant and lasting reduction in prescribing but no signs of adverse effects on patient health.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:13:21 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131321.htm
Solving the riddle of the sphingolipids in coronary artery disease
Investigators have uncovered a way to unleash in blood vessels the protective effects of a type of fat-related molecule known as a sphingolipid, suggesting a promising new strategy for the treatment of coronary artery disease.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 18:25:01 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424182501.htm
Human activities have an intense impact on Earth's deep subsurface fluid flow
Hydrologists predict human-induced underground fluid fluxes to rise with climate change mitigation strategies like carbon sequestration.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 18:24:58 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424182458.htm
Artificial intelligence helps scientists engineer plants to fight climate change
Scientists are using artificial intelligence software to analyze plant root systems, laying out a protocol that can be applied to gather data on crop and model plant phenotypes (physical characteristics) more efficiently and with equal or greater accuracy than existing methods.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 18:24:55 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424182455.htm
Use of acid reflux drugs linked to higher risk of migraine
People who take acid-reducing drugs may have a higher risk of migraine and other severe headache than people who do not take these medications, according to a new study. The acid-reducing drugs include proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and esomeprazole, histamine H2-receptor antagonists, or H2 blockers, such as cimetidine and famotidine, and antacid supplements.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 18:24:53 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424182453.htm
A closed-loop drug-delivery system could improve chemotherapy
To improve chemotherapy dosing, engineers designed CLAUDIA, a way to continuously measure how much drug is in a patient's system during hours-long infusion.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 18:24:47 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424182447.htm
Managing meandering waterways in a changing world
Just as water moves through a river, rivers themselves move across the landscape. They carve valleys and canyons, create floodplains and deltas, and transport sediment from the uplands to the ocean.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 18:24:44 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424182444.htm
Scientists tune the entanglement structure in an array of qubits
A new technique can generate batches of certain entangled states in a quantum processor. This advance could help scientists study the fundamental quantum property of entanglement and enable them to build larger and more complex quantum processors.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 18:24:42 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424182442.htm
How light can vaporize water without the need for heat
Researchers discovered that light can cause evaporation of water from a surface without the need for heat. This 'photomolecular effect' could be important for understanding climate change and for improving some industrial processes.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:06:52 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160652.htm
Positive perceptions of solar projects
A new survey has found that for residents living within three miles of a large-scale solar development, positive attitudes outnumbered negative attitudes by almost a 3-to-1 margin. Researchers surveyed almost 1,000 residents living near solar projects.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:06:49 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160649.htm
Tumor cells evade the immune system early on: Newly discovered mechanism could significantly improve cancer immunotherapies
Tumors actively prevent the formation of immune responses by so-called cytotoxic T cells, which are essential in combating cancer. Researchers have now uncovered for the first time how this exactly happens. The study provides rationales for new cancer immunotherapies and could make existing treatments more effective.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:06:47 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160647.htm
Mini-colons revolutionize colorectal cancer research
In a breakthrough for cancer research, scientists have created lab-grown mini-colons that can accurately mimic the development of colorectal tumors, offering a powerful new tool for studying and testing treatments for the disease.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:06:37 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160637.htm
Artificial intelligence can develop treatments to prevent 'superbugs'
Cleveland Clinic researchers developed an artficial intelligence (AI) model that can determine the best combination and timeline to use when prescribing drugs to treat a bacterial infection, based solely on how quickly the bacteria grow given certain perturbations. PNAS recently published their findings.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:06:25 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160625.htm
Hurricanes jeopardize carbon-storing New England forests
Many American companies are relying on carbon offsets to reduce their carbon footprint, especially those who have pledged to achieve 'net-zero emissions.' Sequestering carbon in forests is an example of a nature-based solution that is being used to address climate change, but a new study suggests that hurricanes could pose a risk. The results show that a single hurricane may wipe out 5% to 10% of total above-ground forest carbon, through tree damage, in New England.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:05:55 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160555.htm
After spinal cord injury, neurons wreak havoc on metabolism
Conditions such as diabetes, heart attack and vascular diseases commonly diagnosed in people with spinal cord injuries can be traced to abnormal post-injury neuronal activity that causes abdominal fat tissue compounds to leak and pool in the liver and other organs, a new animal study has found.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:05:42 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160542.htm
Network model unifies recency and central tendency biases
Neuroscientists have revealed that recency bias in working memory naturally leads to central tendency bias, the phenomenon where people's (and animals') judgements are biased towards the average of previous observations. Their findings may hint at why the phenomenon is so ubiquitous.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:05:39 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160539.htm
Scientists identify and show how to target a key tumor defense against immune attack
A new study has discovered how a lipid molecule found at high levels within tumors undermines the anti-cancer immune response and compromises a recently approved immunotherapy known as adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, or TIL-ACT.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:05:37 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160537.htm
Can climate change accelerate transmission of malaria? Pioneering research sheds light on impacts of temperature
A groundbreaking study combined novel experimental data within an innovative modeling framework to examine how temperature might affect transmission risk of malaria in different environments in Africa.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:05:05 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160505.htm
Cells may possess hidden communication system
Cells constantly navigate a dynamic environment, facing ever-changing conditions and challenges. But how do cells swiftly adapt to these environmental fluctuations? A new study is answering that question by challenging our understanding of how cells function. A team of researchers suggests that cells possess a previously unknown information processing system that allows them to make rapid decisions independent of their genes.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:04:54 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160454.htm
Researchers uncover 'parallel universe' in tomato genetics
Researchers have made a breakthrough for evolutionary biology of the Solanaceae family, which includes peppers, potatoes and petunias.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:02:52 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160252.htm
A flexible microdisplay can monitor brain activity in real-time during brain surgery
A thin film that combines an electrode grid and LEDs can both track and produce a visual representation of the brain's activity in real-time during surgery -- a huge improvement over the current state of the art. The device is designed to provide neurosurgeons visual information about a patient's brain to monitor brain states during surgical interventions to remove brain lesions including tumors and epileptic tissue.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:02:44 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160244.htm
Diversity and productivity go branch-in-branch
Researchers found that forests with higher trait diversity not only adapt better to climate change but may also thrive. The study unveiled how tree functional trait diversity plays a pivotal role in mitigating climate warming. In the face of environmental stress, these diverse trees have been shown to maintain higher productivity levels, in contrast to monoculture forests.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:02:41 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160241.htm
Color variants in cuckoos: The advantages of rareness
Every cuckoo is an adopted child -- raised by foster parents, into whose nest the cuckoo mother smuggled her egg. The cuckoo mother is aided in this subterfuge by her resemblance to a bird of prey. There are two variants of female cuckoos: a gray morph that looks like a sparrowhawk, and a rufous morph. Male cuckoos are always gray.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:02:36 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160236.htm
Why can't robots outrun animals?
Robotics engineers have worked for decades and invested many millions of research dollars in attempts to create a robot that can walk or run as well as an animal. And yet, it remains the case that many animals are capable of feats that would be impossible for robots that exist today.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:02:30 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160230.htm
Survey finds loneliness epidemic runs deep among parents
A new national survey finds a broad majority of parents experience isolation, loneliness and burnout from the demands of parenthood, with many feeling a lack of support in fulfilling that role.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:17:13 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111713.htm
On the trail of deepfakes, researchers identify 'fingerprints' of AI-generated video
According to new research, current methods for detecting manipulated digital media will not be effective against AI-generated video; but a machine-learning approach could be the key to unmasking these synthetic creations.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:17:10 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111710.htm
Rubber-like stretchable energy storage device fabricated with laser precision
Scientists use laser ablation technology to develop a deformable micro-supercapacitor.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:16:59 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111659.htm
Good heart health in middle age may preserve brain function among Black women as they age
Cognitive decline among Black women linked to poor heart health in middle age.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:16:56 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111656.htm
AI designs new drugs based on protein structures
A new computer process makes it possible to generate active pharmaceutical ingredients quickly and easily based on a protein's three-dimensional surface. The new process could revolutionize drug research.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:16:53 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111653.htm
