Computer scientists unveil novel attacks on cybersecurity
Researchers have found two novel types of attacks that target the conditional branch predictor found in high-end Intel processors, which could be exploited to compromise billions of processors currently in use.
Fri, 26 Apr 2024 16:52:29 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240426165229.htm
Estimating emissions potential of decommissioned gas wells from shale samples
Extracting natural gas from shale formations can provide an abundant, lower-carbon footprint fossil fuel, but also creates concerns over increased methane emissions. Researchers have now developed a new tool that can estimate the emission potential of shale wells after they are no longer active.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:52 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131552.htm
Nanomaterial that mimics proteins could be basis for new neurodegenerative disease treatments
A newly developed nanomaterial that mimics the behavior of proteins could be an effective tool for treating Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. The nanomaterial alters the interaction between two key proteins in brain cells -- with a potentially powerful therapeutic effect.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:49 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131549.htm
Scientists released long-term data of ground solar-induced fluorescence to improve understanding of canopy-level photosynthesis
A recent study utilized ground-based instruments to measure solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) that reflect plant health and photosynthesis.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:47 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131547.htm
The longer spilled oil lingers in freshwater, the more persistent compounds it produces
Oil is an important natural resource for many industries, but it can lead to serious environmental damage when accidentally spilled. While large oil spills are highly publicized, every year there are many smaller-scale spills into lakes, rivers and oceans. The longer that oil remains in freshwater, the more chemical changes it undergoes, creating products that can persist in the environment.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:15:05 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131505.htm
Key to efficient and stable organic solar cells
A team of researchers has made a significant breakthrough in the field of organic photovoltaics.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:45 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131445.htm
'Like a nanoscopic Moon lander': Scientists unlock secret of how pyramidal molecules move across surfaces
Scientists have watched a molecule move across a graphite surface in unprecedented detail. It turns out this particular molecule moves like a Moon lander -- and the insights hold potential for future nanotechnologies.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:28 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131428.htm
Freeze casting: A guide to creating hierarchically structured materials
Freeze casting is an elegant, cost-effective manufacturing technique to produce highly porous materials with custom-designed hierarchical architectures, well-defined pore orientation, and multifunctional surface structures. Freeze-cast materials are suitable for many applications, from biomedicine to environmental engineering and energy technologies.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:19 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131419.htm
IRIS beamline at BESSY II extended with nanomicroscopy
The IRIS infrared beamline at the BESSY II storage ring now offers a fourth option for characterizing materials, cells and even molecules on different length scales. The team has extended the IRIS beamline with an end station for nanospectroscopy and nanoimaging that enables spatial resolutions down to below 30 nanometers. The instrument is also available to external user groups.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:13 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131413.htm
Towards novel promising perovskite-type ferroelectric materials: High-pressure synthesis of rubidium niobate
Researchers have pioneered a breakthrough in ferroelectric material development. They've engineered a novel displacement-type ferroelectric material boasting remarkable dielectric properties. Their achievement includes the successful synthesis of rubidium niobate (RbNbO3), a compound previously deemed challenging to produce under pressures exceeding 40,000 atmospheres. Additionally, they characterized how polarization changes across a wide temperature range during phase transitions. This breakthrough can lead to new design guidelines for ferroelectric materials.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:11 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131411.htm
AI in medicine: The causality frontier
Machines can learn not only to make predictions, but also to handle causal relationships. An international research team shows how this could make therapies safer, more efficient, and more individualized.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:08 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131408.htm
How electric vehicle drivers can escape range anxiety
Two of the biggest challenges faced by new and potential electric vehicle (EV) drivers are range anxiety and speed of charging, but these shouldn't have to be challenges at all. Researchers discovered that a change in refueling mindset, rather than improving the size or performance of the battery, could be the answer to these concerns.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:14:02 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131402.htm
Using AI to improve diagnosis of rare genetic disorders
Diagnosing rare Mendelian disorders is a labor-intensive task, even for experienced geneticists. Investigators are trying to make the process more efficient using artificial intelligence. The team developed a machine learning system called AI-MARRVEL (AIM) to help prioritize potentially causative variants for Mendelian disorders.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:13:45 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131345.htm
The secret to saving old books could be gluten-free glues
'Bookworm' is a cute thing to call a voracious reader, but actual bookworms -- as well as microorganisms and time -- break down the flour pastes commonly used to keep old publications in one piece. Now, researchers have analyzed the proteins in wheat-based glues applied in historic bookbinding to provide insights on their adhesiveness and how they degrade. This information could help conservators restore and preserve treasured tomes for future generations.
Thu, 25 Apr 2024 13:13:42 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240425131342.htm
Artificial intelligence helps scientists engineer plants to fight climate change
Scientists are using artificial intelligence software to analyze plant root systems, laying out a protocol that can be applied to gather data on crop and model plant phenotypes (physical characteristics) more efficiently and with equal or greater accuracy than existing methods.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 18:24:55 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424182455.htm
Scientists tune the entanglement structure in an array of qubits
A new technique can generate batches of certain entangled states in a quantum processor. This advance could help scientists study the fundamental quantum property of entanglement and enable them to build larger and more complex quantum processors.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 18:24:42 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424182442.htm
How light can vaporize water without the need for heat
Researchers discovered that light can cause evaporation of water from a surface without the need for heat. This 'photomolecular effect' could be important for understanding climate change and for improving some industrial processes.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:06:52 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160652.htm
Positive perceptions of solar projects
A new survey has found that for residents living within three miles of a large-scale solar development, positive attitudes outnumbered negative attitudes by almost a 3-to-1 margin. Researchers surveyed almost 1,000 residents living near solar projects.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:06:49 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160649.htm
Artificial intelligence can develop treatments to prevent 'superbugs'
Cleveland Clinic researchers developed an artficial intelligence (AI) model that can determine the best combination and timeline to use when prescribing drugs to treat a bacterial infection, based solely on how quickly the bacteria grow given certain perturbations. PNAS recently published their findings.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:06:25 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160625.htm
Why can't robots outrun animals?
Robotics engineers have worked for decades and invested many millions of research dollars in attempts to create a robot that can walk or run as well as an animal. And yet, it remains the case that many animals are capable of feats that would be impossible for robots that exist today.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 16:02:30 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424160230.htm
On the trail of deepfakes, researchers identify 'fingerprints' of AI-generated video
According to new research, current methods for detecting manipulated digital media will not be effective against AI-generated video; but a machine-learning approach could be the key to unmasking these synthetic creations.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:17:10 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111710.htm
Rubber-like stretchable energy storage device fabricated with laser precision
Scientists use laser ablation technology to develop a deformable micro-supercapacitor.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:16:59 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111659.htm
AI designs new drugs based on protein structures
A new computer process makes it possible to generate active pharmaceutical ingredients quickly and easily based on a protein's three-dimensional surface. The new process could revolutionize drug research.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:16:53 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111653.htm
Pattern formation in the nano-cosmos
A new model extends the theory of elastic phase separation towards nanoscopic structures. Such patterns are frequent in biological systems and also used in nano-engineering to create structural color. With their new insights, the scientists can predict the length scale of nanoscopic patterns and thus control them during production.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:16:35 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111635.htm
Social media can be used to increase fruit and vegetable intake in young people
Researchers have found that people following healthy eating accounts on social media for as little as two weeks ate more fruit and vegetables and less junk food.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:16:18 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111618.htm
Computer game in school made students better at detecting fake news
A computer game helped upper secondary school students become better at distinguishing between reliable and misleading news.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:16:04 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111604.htm
Holographic displays offer a glimpse into an immersive future
Researchers have invented a new optical element that brings us one step closer to mixing the real and virtual worlds in an ordinary pair of eyeglasses using high-definition 3D holographic images.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:58 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111558.htm
This salt battery harvests osmotic energy where the river meets the sea
Estuaries -- where freshwater rivers meet the salty sea -- are great locations for birdwatching and kayaking. In these areas, waters containing different salt concentrations mix and may be sources of sustainable, 'blue' osmotic energy. Researchers report creating a semipermeable membrane that harvests osmotic energy from salt gradients and converts it to electricity. The new design had an output power density more than two times higher than commercial membranes in lab demonstrations.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:49 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111549.htm
AI tool recognizes serious ocular disease in horses
Researchers have developed a deep learning tool that is capable of reliably diagnosing moon blindness in horses based on photos.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:47 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111547.htm
Researchers find oldest undisputed evidence of Earth's magnetic field
A new study has recovered a 3.7-billion-year-old record of Earth's magnetic field, and found that it appears remarkably similar to the field surrounding Earth today.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:41 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111541.htm
Biophysics: Testing how well biomarkers work
Researchers have developed a method to determine how reliably target proteins can be labeled using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:36 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111536.htm
Researchers show it's possible to teach old magnetic cilia new tricks
Magnetic cilia -- artificial hairs whose movement is powered by embedded magnetic particles -- have been around for a while, and are of interest for applications in soft robotics, transporting objects and mixing liquids. However, existing magnetic cilia move in a fixed way. Researchers have now demonstrated a technique for creating magnetic cilia that can be 'reprogrammed,' changing their magnetic properties at room temperature to change the motion of the cilia as needed.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:33 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111533.htm
High-resolution lidar sees birth zone of cloud droplets
Scientists demonstrated the first-ever remote observations of the fine-scale structure at the base of clouds. The results show that the air-cloud interface is a transition zone where aerosol particles suspended in Earth's atmosphere give rise to the droplets that ultimately form clouds. The research will enable scientists to gain insight into how changes in atmospheric aerosol levels could affect clouds and climate.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:27 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111527.htm
A chemical mystery solved -- the reaction explaining large carbon sinks
A mystery that has puzzled the scientific community for over 50 years has finally been solved. A team has discovered that a certain type of chemical reaction can explain why organic matter found in rivers and lakes is so resistant to degradation.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:10 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111510.htm
Opening up the potential of thin-film electronics for flexible chip design
The mass production of conventional silicon chips relies on a successful business model with large 'semiconductor fabrication plants' or 'foundries'. New research by shows that this 'foundry' model can also be applied to the field of flexible, thin-film electronics.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:07 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111507.htm
Making diamonds at ambient pressure
Researchers have grown diamonds under conditions of 1 atmosphere pressure and at 1025 degrees Celsius using a liquid metal alloy composed of gallium, iron, nickel, and silicon, thus breaking the existing paradigm. The discovery of this new growth method opens many possibilities for further basic science studies and for scaling up the growth of diamonds in new ways.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:04 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111504.htm
Eruption of mega-magnetic star lights up nearby galaxy
While ESA's satellite INTEGRAL was observing the sky, it spotted a burst of gamma-rays -- high-energy photons -- coming from the nearby galaxy M82. Only a few hours later, ESA's XMM-Newton X-ray space telescope searched for an afterglow from the explosion but found none. An international team realized that the burst must have been an extra-galactic flare from a magnetar, a young neutron star with an exceptionally strong magnetic field.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:15:01 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111501.htm
A simple 'twist' improves the engine of clean fuel generation
Researchers have found a way to super-charge the 'engine' of sustainable fuel generation -- by giving the materials a little twist. The researchers are developing low-cost light-harvesting semiconductors that power devices for converting water into clean hydrogen fuel, using just the power of the sun. These semiconducting materials, known as copper oxides, are cheap, abundant and non-toxic, but their performance does not come close to silicon, which dominates the semiconductor market.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:14:59 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111459.htm
Condensed matter physics: Novel one-dimensional superconductor
In a significant development in the field of superconductivity, researchers have successfully achieved robust superconductivity in high magnetic fields using a newly created one-dimensional (1D) system. This breakthrough offers a promising pathway to achieving superconductivity in the quantum Hall regime, a longstanding challenge in condensed matter physics.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:14:47 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111447.htm
A novel universal light-based technique to control valley polarization in bulk materials
Scientists report a new method that achieves for the first time valley polarization in centrosymmetric bulk materials in a non-material-specific way. This 'universal technique' may have major applications linked to the control and analysis of different properties for 2D and 3D materials, which can in turn enable the advancement of cutting-edge fields such us information processing and quantum computing.
Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:14:39 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240424111439.htm
Critical minerals recovery from electronic waste
A nontoxic separation process recovers critical minerals from electronic scrap waste.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 18:47:56 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423184756.htm
This tiny chip can safeguard user data while enabling efficient computing on a smartphone
A new chip can efficiently accelerate machine-learning workloads on edge devices like smartphones while protecting sensitive user data from two common types of attacks -- side-channel attacks and bus-probing attacks.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 15:58:10 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423155810.htm
Super Mario hackers' tricks could protect software from bugs
Video gamers who exploit glitches in games can help experts better understand buggy software, students suggest.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 13:52:19 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423135219.htm
Researchers create artificial cells that act like living cells
Researchers describe the steps they took to manipulate DNA and proteins -- essential building blocks of life -- to create cells that look and act like cells from the body. This accomplishment, a first in the field, has implications for efforts in regenerative medicine, drug delivery systems and diagnostic tools.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 13:52:13 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423135213.htm
Toward unification of turbulence framework -- weak-to-strong transition discovered in turbulence
Astrophysicists have made a significant step toward solving the last puzzle in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence theory by observing the weak to strong transition in the space plasma turbulence surrounding Earth with newly developed multi-spacecraft analysis methods.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 13:51:59 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423135159.htm
Major milestone reached for key weapons component
Scientists have completed a crucial weapons component development milestone, prior to full rate production.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 11:31:36 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423113136.htm
Magnetic microcoils unlock targeted single-neuron therapies for neurodegenerative disorders
Researchers deploy an array of microscopic coils to create a magnetic field and stimulate individual neurons. The magnetic field can induce an electric field in any nearby neurons, the same effect created by an electrode but much more precise. They used an array of eight coils, which combined can induce electric fields using much less current per coil, and employed soft magnetic materials, which boost the magnetic strength of the coils. The researchers constructed a prototype of their coil array, called MagPatch, and encapsulated it within a biocompatible coating.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 11:31:33 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423113133.htm
Laser-treated cork absorbs oil for carbon-neutral ocean cleanup
Researchers use laser treatments to transform ordinary cork into a powerful tool for treating oil spills. They tested variations of a fast-pulsing laser treatment, closely examining the nanoscopic structural changes and measuring the ratio of oxygen and carbon in the material, changes in the angles with which water and oil contact the surface, and the material's light wave absorption, reflection, and emission across the spectrum to determine its durability after multiple cycles of warming and cooling. The laser treatments not only help to better absorb oil, but also work to keep water out.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 11:31:31 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423113131.htm
Hey Dave, I've got an idea for you: What's the potential of AI-led workshopping?
Sure, ChatGPT can write a poem about your pet in the style of T.S Eliot, but generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have a potentially more useful role to play in idea generation according to a new study.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 11:31:20 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423113120.htm
Gentle defibrillation for the heart
Using light pulses as a model for electrical defibrillation, scientists developed a method to assess and modulate the heart function. The research team has thus paved the way for an efficient and direct treatment for cardiac arrhythmias. This may be an alternative for the strong and painful electrical shocks currently used.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 11:31:07 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423113107.htm
Manipulating the geometry of 'electron universe' in magnets
Researchers have discovered a unique property, the quantum metric, within magnetic materials, altering the 'electron universe' geometry. This distinct electric signal challenges traditional electrical conduction and could revolutionize spintronic devices.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 11:31:04 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423113104.htm
Unlocking spin current secrets: A new milestone in spintronics
Using neutron scattering and voltage measurements, a group of researchers have discovered that a material's magnetic properties can predict spin current changes with temperature. The finding is a major breakthrough in the field of spintronics.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 11:31:01 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423113101.htm
Perfecting the view on a crystal's imperfection
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has gained widespread attention and application across various quantum fields and technologies because it contains single-photon emmiters (SPEs), along with a layered structure that is easy to manipulation. The precise mechanisms governing the development and function of SPEs within hBN have remained elusive. Now, a new study reveals significant insights into the properties of hBN, offering a solution to discrepancies in previous research on the proposed origins of SPEs within the material.
Tue, 23 Apr 2024 11:30:51 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240423113051.htm
AI tool creates 'synthetic' images of cells for enhanced microscopy analysis
Researchers have developed a method to use an image generation AI model to create realistic images of single cells, which are then used as 'synthetic data' to train an AI model to better carry out single-cell segmentation.
Mon, 22 Apr 2024 17:08:15 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240422170815.htm
This alloy is kinky
Researchers have uncovered a remarkable metal alloy that won t crack at extreme temperatures due to kinking, or bending, of crystals in the alloy at the atomic level. Unlike most materials, the new alloy keeps its shape and resists cracking at both high and low temperature extremes, making it potentially suitable for demanding applications like high-efficiency aerospace engines.
Mon, 22 Apr 2024 12:07:42 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240422120742.htm
To find life in the universe, look to deadly Venus
Despite surface temperatures hot enough to melt lead, lava-spewing volcanoes, and puffy clouds of sulfuric acid, uninhabitable Venus offers vital lessons about the potential for life on other planets, a new paper argues.
Mon, 22 Apr 2024 12:07:40 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240422120740.htm
Giant galactic explosion exposes galaxy pollution in action
Astronomers have produced the first high-resolution map of a massive explosion in a nearby galaxy, providing important clues on how the space between galaxies is polluted with chemical elements.
Mon, 22 Apr 2024 12:07:28 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240422120728.htm
Switching off the light to see better
Researchers used structured light and switchable fluorescent molecules to reduce the background light from the out-of-plane regions of microscope samples. This method allowed for the acquisition of images that surpassed the conventional resolution limit, and it may be useful for further study of cell clusters and other biological systems.
Mon, 22 Apr 2024 12:07:25 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240422120725.htm
New sensing checks for 3D printed products could overhaul manufacturing sector
A sensing technology that can assess the quality of components in fields such as aerospace could transform UK industry.
Mon, 22 Apr 2024 12:07:19 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240422120719.htm
2D materials rotate light polarization
Physicists have shown that ultra-thin two-dimensional materials such as tungsten diselenide can rotate the polarization of visible light by several degrees at certain wavelengths under small magnetic fields suitable for use on chips.
Mon, 22 Apr 2024 12:07:12 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240422120712.htm
