This sound-suppressing silk can create quiet spaces
Researchers developed a silk fabric, which is barely thicker than a human hair, that can suppress unwanted noise and reduce noise transmission in a large room.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:24:57 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507152457.htm
Could getting enough sleep help prevent osteoporosis?
In people's early- to mid-20s, they reach what is called peak bone mineral density, which is higher for men than it is for women, according to researchers. This peak is one of the main determinants of fracture risk later in life. After reaching this peak, a person's bone density remains roughly stable for a couple of decades. Then, when women enter the menopausal transition, they experience accelerated bone loss. Men also experience bone density decline as they age. Sleep patterns also evolve over time.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:02:36 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150236.htm
It flickers, then it tips -- study identifies early warning signals for the end of the African humid period
Tipping points in the climate system can be the result of a slow but linear development. However, they can also be accompanied by a 'flickering', with two stable climatic states that alternate before a final transition occurs -- and the climate tips permanently.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:02:33 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150233.htm
Emergency department packed to the gills? Someday, AI may help
Emergency departments nationwide are overcrowded and overtaxed, but a new study suggests artificial intelligence (AI) could one day help prioritize which patients need treatment most urgently.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:02:30 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150230.htm
AI predicts tumor-killing cells with high accuracy
Using artificial intelligence, scientists have developed a powerful predictive model for identifying the most potent cancer killing immune cells for use in cancer immunotherapies.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:02:28 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150228.htm
Biomarker found to help identify cells that can repair damaged blood vessels
Researchers have discovered a protein marker to help identify cells able to repopulate in patients with damaged blood vessels. Their findings could lead to new therapies for people with endothelial dysfunction, a type of disorder that contributes to coronary artery disease that may occlude with plaque and lack ability to carry sufficient blood into the heart tissue causing a heart attack.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:02:25 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150225.htm
Efficacy of solar panels boosted
Solar energy is a crucial asset in the fight against climate change, and researchers have now devised a smart approach to optimize its effectiveness. Their innovative method includes incorporating artificial ground reflectors, a simple yet powerful enhancement.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:02:08 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150208.htm
Sedentary lifestyle puts strain on young hearts
According to a recent study, high levels of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity from childhood strain the heart in adolescence. High cardiac workload predicts heart failure and other heart diseases. In light of the findings, increasing moderate and vigorous physical activity from childhood onwards is particularly important in preventing heart diseases.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:02:03 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150203.htm
Years after his death, late scientist's work could yield new cancer treatments
Recent reproductive research has opened the door for new treatments for solid cancer tumors, including breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:02:00 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150200.htm
US geographic region results in vastly different anal cancer risk for people with HIV
For people with HIV, the risk of anal cancer varies according to their geographic region.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:01:38 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150138.htm
Researchers show that slow-moving earthquakes are controlled by rock permeability
A research group explores how the makeup of rocks, specifically their permeability -- or how easily fluids can flow through them -- affects the frequency and intensity of slow slip events. Slow slips' role in the earthquake cycle may help lead to a better model to predict when earthquakes happen.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:01:35 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150135.htm
'Better than graphene' material development may improve implantable technology
Move over, graphene. There's a new, improved two-dimensional material in the lab. Borophene, the atomically thin version of boron first synthesized in 2015, is more conductive, thinner, lighter, stronger and more flexible than graphene, the 2D version of carbon. Now, researchers have made the material potentially more useful by imparting chirality -- or handedness -- on it, which could make for advanced sensors and implantable medical devices.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:01:32 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150132.htm
Intermittent fasting protects against liver inflammation and liver cancer
Fatty liver disease often leads to chronic liver inflammation and can even result in liver cancer. Scientists have now shown in mice that intermittent fasting on a 5:2 schedule can halt this development. The fasting regime reduces the development of liver cancer in mice with pre-existing liver inflammation. The researchers identified two proteins in liver cells that are jointly responsible for the protective effect of fasting. An approved drug can partially mimic this effect.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:01:30 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150130.htm
Bee body mass, pathogens and local climate influence heat tolerance
How well bees tolerate temperature extremes could determine their ability to persist in a changing climate. But heat tolerance varies between and within populations, so entomologists examined bee physical traits to understand how these traits interact with environmental conditions, pathogens and other factors.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:01:24 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150124.htm
Seeking medical insights in the physics of mucus
Understanding how mucus changes, and what it changes in response to, can help diagnose illnesses and develop treatments. Researchers develop a system to grow mucus-producing intestinal cells and study the characteristics of the mucus in different conditions. The process involves growing a layer of intestinal cells on a laboratory plate exposed to air. These cells produce a layer of mucus that the researchers can easily access for testing. Using a magnetic wire, they can measure the consistency of the mucus without affecting its properties, and the platform can explore the effects of pathogens and help develop medications to combat them.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:48 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150048.htm
Study sheds light on cancer cell 'tug-of-war'
Researchers used a breast cancer cell line panel and primary tumor explants from breast and cervical cancer patients to examine two different cellular contractility modes: one that generates collective tissue surface tension that keeps cell clusters compact and another, more directional, contractility that enables cells to pull themselves into the extracellular matrix. They found that more aggressive cells pull more strongly on the ECM than on themselves while noninvasive cells pull more strongly on themselves than on the ECM -- and that the different pulling behaviors are attributed to different structures of actin cytoskeleton inside the cells.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:46 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150046.htm
Low-energy process for high-performance solar cells
Finding reliable, eco-friendly power sources is crucial as our world grapples with increasing energy needs and the urgent call to combat climate change. Solar energy offers one solution, with scientists devising ever more efficient materials for capturing sunlight.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:43 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150043.htm
Fruit fly model identifies key regulators behind organ development
A new computational model simulating fruit fly wing development has enabled researchers to identify previously hidden mechanisms behind organ generation. An research team developed a fruit fly model to reverse engineer the mechanisms that generate organ tissue.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:39 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150039.htm
A new mother's immune status varies with her feeding strategy
In one of the first studies of its kind, UC Santa Barbara researchers have found that the immune status of postpartum mothers shifts with how she feeds her baby. Certain inflammatory proteins -- substances that are secreted as part of an immune response -- peak at different times of day, correlating with whether the mothers breastfeed, pump or formula-feed their babies.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:36 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150036.htm
Genetics, not lack of oxygen, causes cerebral palsy in quarter of cases
The world's largest study of cerebral palsy (CP) genetics has discovered genetic defects are most likely responsible for more than a quarter of cases in Chinese children, rather than a lack of oxygen at birth as previously thought.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:34 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150034.htm
New device that emits magnetic field may offer hope for treating depression
In an exploratory clinical trial, four male patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder underwent eight weeks of treatment with a device that generates a low-frequency ultralow magnetic field environment (ELF-ELME). An improvement in depressive symptoms was observed, with no adverse effects, among all patients. If the efficacy of the device can be confirmed in larger clinical trials with a control group, this therapy could serve as an alternative treatment for patients who do not want to take antidepressant medications.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:31 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150031.htm
Progression of herpesvirus infection remodels mitochondrial organization and metabolism
Researchers have found that herpesvirus infection modifies the structure and normal function of the mitochondria in the host cell. The new information will help to understand the interaction between herpesvirus and host cells. Knowledge can be utilized in the development of viral treatments.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:26 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150026.htm
How a 'conductor' makes sense of chaos in early mouse embryos
The earliest stages of mammalian embryo development are like an orchestra performance, where everyone must play at the exact right moment and in perfect harmony. New research identifies one of the conductors making sense of the chaos.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:18 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150018.htm
New super-pure silicon chip opens path to powerful quantum computers
Researchers have invented a breakthrough technique for manufacturing highly purified silicon that brings powerful quantum computers a big step closer.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:04 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150004.htm
Millions in costs due to discharge of scrubber water into the Baltic Sea
Discharge from ships with so-called scrubbers cause great damage to the Baltic Sea. A new study shows that these emissions caused pollution corresponding to socio-economic costs of more than EUR 680 million between 2014 and 2022. At the same time, the researchers note that the shipping companies' investments in the much-discussed technology, where exhaust gases are 'washed' and discharged into the sea, have already been recouped for most of the ships. This means that the industry is now making billions of euros by running its ships on cheap heavy fuel oil instead of cleaner fuel.
Tue, 07 May 2024 15:00:01 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507150001.htm
Bio-inspired materials' potential for efficient mass transfer boosted by a new twist on a century-old theory
The natural vein structure found within leaves -- which has inspired the structural design of porous materials that can maximize mass transfer -- could unlock improvements in energy storage, catalysis, and sensing thanks to a new twist on a century-old biophysical law.
Tue, 07 May 2024 14:59:59 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507145959.htm
Small pump for kids awaiting heart transplant shows promise
A new type of surgically implanted pump that can support a child's failing heart has passed the first stage of human testing in a recent trial.
Tue, 07 May 2024 14:59:56 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507145956.htm
Free-forming organelles help plants adapt to climate change
Plants' ability to sense light and temperature, and their ability to adapt to climate change, hinges on free-forming structures in their cells whose function was, until now, a mystery. Researchers have now determined how these structures work on a molecular level, as well as where and how they form.
Tue, 07 May 2024 14:59:53 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507145953.htm
Origin of Roman lead
Three ingots from the site of Los Escoriales de Do a Rama (Belmez) and dating from the Roman era demonstrate the importance of lead production and exportation in northern Cordoba.
Tue, 07 May 2024 14:56:09 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507145609.htm
Researchers use foundation models to discover new cancer imaging biomarkers
Researchers have harnessed the technology behind foundation models, which power tools like ChatGPT, to discover new cancer imaging biomarkers that could transform how patterns are identified from radiological images. Improved identification of such patterns can greatly impact the early detection and treatment of cancer.
Tue, 07 May 2024 14:52:52 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240507145252.htm
Caterbot? Robatapillar? It crawls with ease through loops and bends
Engineers created a catapillar-shaped robot that splits into segments and reassembles, hauls cargo, and crawls through twisting courses.
Mon, 06 May 2024 15:15:57 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506151557.htm
Geologists, biologists unearth the atomic fingerprints of cancer
Earth scientists have long turned to minute differences in hydrogen atoms to explore the ancient history of our planet. A new study suggests that these same tiny atoms might also lead to new ways to track the growth of cancer.
Mon, 06 May 2024 15:15:54 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506151554.htm
Venus has almost no water: A new study may reveal why
Billions of years ago, Venus may have harbored as much water as Earth. Today, almost all of it has disappeared. A new study may help to explain why.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:16:27 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131627.htm
DDT pollutants found in deep sea fish off Los Angeles coast
As the region reckons with its toxic history of offshore dumping off the California coast, new findings raise troubling questions about whether the banned pesticide remains a threat to wildlife and human health.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:16:24 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131624.htm
Turbid waters keep the coast healthy
To preserve the important intertidal areas and salt marshes off our coasts for the future, we need more turbid water. That is one of the striking conclusions from a new study.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:16:20 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131620.htm
Past and guides future efforts to reduce cancer disparities
The toll cancer takes on lives in the U.S. has declined during the last 28 years, but not equitably. Disparities persist in many historically marginalized communities -- including communities disadvantaged by race, socioeconomic status, orientation or gender identity, and geographic location -- despite community outreach and engagement programs designed to address them.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:16:12 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131612.htm
The Clues for Cleaner Water
By using experimental electrochemical analyses, mass spectrometry, and computational quantum chemistry modeling, the researchers created an 'atomic-scale storyline' to explain how ozone is generated on NATO electrocatalysts. They identified that some of the nickel in NATO is probably leaching out of the electrodes via corrosion, and these nickel atoms, now floating in the solution near the catalyst, can promote chemical reactions that eventually generate ozone.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:16:09 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131609.htm
Simulated chemistry: New AI platform designs tomorrow's cancer drugs
Researchers have developed a new AI tool to that generate new drug candidates for cancer, which could help streamline the typically laborious drug discovery process.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:16:01 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131601.htm
Expanding a lymph node, boosting a vaccine
Researchers have found a way to enhance and extend LN expansion, and study how this phenomenon affects both the immune system and efficacy of vaccinations against tumors. While the oversized LNs maintained a normal tissue organization, they displayed altered mechanical features and hosted higher numbers of various immune cell types that commonly are involved in immune responses against pathogens and cancers. Importantly, 'jump-starting' lymph node expansion prior to administering a traditional vaccine against a melanoma-specific model antigen led to more effective and sustained anti-tumor responses in mice.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:55 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131555.htm
Experiment opens door for millions of qubits on one chip
Researchers have achieved the first controllable interaction between two hole spin qubits in a conventional silicon transistor. The breakthrough opens up the possibility of integrating millions of these qubits on a single chip using mature manufacturing processes.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:52 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131552.htm
Self-critical perfectionism gnaws on students' well-being already in lower secondary school
A new study among ninth-graders attending lower secondary school in Swedish-speaking areas of Finland identified four perfectionistic profiles with varying associations with students' psychological well-being.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:49 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131549.htm
Contract treatment reduces recidivism and substance-related adverse health events
Substance use disorder treatment in the community is a superior alternative to incarceration for offenders with a substance misuse background, according to a recent study evaluating the effectiveness of the contract treatment sanction in Sweden.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:47 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131547.htm
High-pressure spectroscopy: Why 3,000 bars are needed to take a comprehensive look at a protein
Why 3,000 bars are needed to take a comprehensive look at a protein: Researchers present a new high-pressure spectroscopy method to unravel the properties of proteins' native structures.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:44 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131544.htm
VR may pose privacy risks for kids: A new study finds parents aren't as worried as they should be
New research finds that, while an increasing number of minors are using virtual reality (VR) apps, not many parents recognize the extent of the security and privacy risks that are specific to VR technologies. The study also found that few parents are taking active steps to address those security and privacy issues, such as using parental controls built into the apps.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:41 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131541.htm
Participants of pioneering CRISPR gene editing trial see vision improve
About 79% of clinical trial participants experienced measurable improvement after receiving experimental, CRISPR-based gene editing that is designed to fix a rare form of blindness, according to a new article.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:35 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131535.htm
Improved nutrition, sanitation linked to beneficial changes in child stress and epigenetic programming
A new study provides some of the clearest and most comprehensive evidence to date on what is known about stress physiology and 'epigenetic programming.'
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:32 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131532.htm
Astronomers observe elusive stellar light surrounding ancient quasars
Astronomers observed the elusive starlight surrounding some of the earliest quasars in the universe. The findings may shed light on how the earliest supermassive black holes became so massive despite having a relatively short amount of cosmic time in which to grow.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:27 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131527.htm
AI to make crop production more sustainable
Drones monitoring fields for weeds and robots targeting and treating crop diseases may sound like science fiction but is actually happening already, at least on some experimental farms. Researchers are working on driving forward the smart digitalization of agriculture and have now published a list of the research questions that will need to be tackled as a priority in the future.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:22 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131522.htm
Lake tsunamis pose significant threat under warming climate
The names might not be familiar -- Cowee Creek, Brabazon Range, Upper Pederson Lagoon -- but they mark the sites of recent lake tsunamis, a phenomenon that is increasingly common in Alaska, British Columbia and other regions with mountain glaciers. Triggered by landslides into small bodies of water, most of these tsunamis have occurred in remote locations so far, but geologists say it may just be a matter of time before a tsunami swamps a more populated place.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:16 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131516.htm
Hubble views a galaxy with a voracious black hole
Bright, starry spiral arms surround an active galactic center in a new NASA Hubble Space Telescope image of the galaxy NGC 4951. Located in the Virgo constellation, NGC 4951 is located roughly 50 million light-years away from Earth. It's classified as a Seyfert galaxy, which means that it's an extremely energetic type of galaxy with an active galactic nucleus (AGN).
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:13 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131513.htm
New discoveries about Jupiter's magnetosphere
New discoveries about Jupiter could lead to a better understanding of Earth's own space environment and influence a long-running scientific debate about the solar system's largest planet.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:08 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131508.htm
New study reveals age-related brain changes influence recovery after stroke
A new study has revealed that areas of age-related damage in the brain relate to motor outcomes after a stroke -- a phenomenon that may be under-recognized in stroke research. The new observational study looked at the relationship between stroke recovery and white matter hyper-intensities (WMHs) -- areas of age-related damage in the brain's white matter, which represent vascular dysfunction and are known to impact cognitive functions.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:05 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131505.htm
A better way to ride a motorcycle
Motorcycles are designed to accommodate the average-sized rider, leaving taller and shorter riders vulnerable to discomfort.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:15:00 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131500.htm
Biomechanical dataset for badminton performance analysis
In the sports industry, player data collection aids in personalized training feedback. Researchers have now gathered a detailed dataset and laid the foundation for delivering coaching assistance and feedback through the same. Utilizing wearable sensors and machine learning, their dataset offers real-time feedback and optimized movement suggestions. With over 7,763 badminton swings analyzed, stroke quality assessment offers valuable insights, making badminton training more accessible and affordable.
Mon, 06 May 2024 13:14:54 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240506131454.htm
Sister cities can help communities better navigate the climate crisis
Anthropologists suggest in a new study that establishing networks of 'sister cities' dedicated to addressing the impact of natural disasters can mitigate the devastation wrought by climate change.
Fri, 03 May 2024 17:26:34 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240503172634.htm
Aligned peptide 'noodles' could enable lab-grown biological tissues
Researchers have developed peptide-based hydrogels that mimic the aligned structure of muscle and nerve tissues, which could enable the development of functional lab-grown tissue.
Fri, 03 May 2024 17:26:32 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240503172632.htm
Quantifying U.S. health impacts from gas stoves
A new study of air pollution in U.S. homes reveals how much gas and propane stoves increase people's exposure to nitrogen dioxide, a pollutant linked to childhood asthma. Even in bedrooms far from kitchens, concentrations frequently exceed health limits while stoves are on and for hours after burners and ovens are turned off.
Fri, 03 May 2024 17:26:24 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240503172624.htm
Physics confirms that the enemy of your enemy is, indeed, your friend
The famous axiom 'the enemy of my enemy is my friend' is part of Austrian psychologist Fritz Heider's social balance theory, introduced in the 1940s. Previous studies have tried to model social networks based in famous theory but results remained controversial. New model takes into account two key pieces simultaneously: Not everyone knows everyone else in a social network, and some people are friendlier than others. With those two constraints, large-scale social networks consistently align with social balance theory. Model has broad applications for exploring political polarization, neural networks, drug interactions and more.
Fri, 03 May 2024 17:26:21 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240503172621.htm
Stony coral tissue loss disease is shifting the ecological balance of Caribbean reefs
A new study shows stony coral tissue loss disease is causing drastic changes in the Caribbean's population of corals, which is sure to disrupt the delicate balance of the ecosystem and threaten marine biodiversity and coastal economies.
Fri, 03 May 2024 17:26:19 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240503172619.htm
Newly discovered mechanism of T-cell control can interfere with cancer immunotherapies
Activated T cells that carry a certain marker protein on their surface are controlled by natural killer (NK) cells, another cell type of the immune system. In this way, the body presumably curbs destructive immune reactions. Researchers have now discovered that NK cells can impair the effect of cancer therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in this way. They could also be responsible for the rapid decline of therapeutic CAR-T cells. Interventions in this mechanism could potentially improve the efficacy of these cellular cancer immunotherapies.
Fri, 03 May 2024 17:26:16 EDT
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/05/240503172616.htm
